PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM BERBASIS MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM MENCEGAH SIKAP INTOLERANSI DI KALANGAN PELAJAR: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS LITERATUR

Abstract

Intolerance and the potential for radicalism among Indonesian students remain serious concerns, as reflected in several national surveys reporting relatively high proportions of intolerant opinions among both students and teachers. Islamic Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Islam/PAI) grounded in religious moderation (wasathiyah) is regarded as a strategic instrument for preventing such attitudes from an early age. This article aims to map, synthesize, and critically evaluate scholarly literature published over the last five years (2021–2025) concerning the implementation of moderation-based PAI in preventing intolerance among students. A systematic literature review adapting the PRISMA flow was employed, searching Google Scholar, Garuda, Sinta, DOAJ, and ResearchGate using relevant keyword combinations, followed by a tiered screening process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 27 articles analyzed thematically. The review identifies five major themes: (1) the conceptualization of religious moderation within PAI; (2) empirical conditions of intolerance among students; (3) learning strategies and curriculum reinforcement, including the Merdeka Curriculum and the Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5 P2RA); (4) the role of teachers as agents of religious moderation; and (5) supporting and inhibiting factors in implementation. The review concludes that moderation-based PAI contributes significantly to strengthening students' tolerant attitudes, although its effectiveness remains highly dependent on teacher competence and exemplary conduct, institutional policy support, and curricular consistency. The article recommends strengthening teacher training, explicitly integrating religious moderation values into teaching materials and assessment, reinforcing multi-stakeholder partnerships, and conducting further quantitative and longitudinal research to measure long-term impact.

Keywords: religious moderation; Islamic religious education; intolerance; tolerance; students; systematic literature review